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1.
Lima; INEN; jun. 2021.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1282029

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCIÓN: Se realiza la siguiente revisión rápida: "Adquisición de insumos para la realización de procedimientos en el equipo funcional de gastro - lll stent esofágico y entérico", a solicitud de la dirección de Medicina-departamento de especialidades médicasservicio de gastroenterología. METODOLOGÍA: Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda de información, que abarcó un periodo de 10 años. Se empleó la base de datos de PubMed y Cochrane. ESTRATEGIA DE BÚSQUEDA DE INFORMACIÓN: a) PREGUNTA CLÍNICA: ¿En pacientes con cáncer esófago o estomago el stent esofágico o stent entérico es mejor que la sonda nasoyeyunal para mejorar la calidad de vida? Términos de Búsqueda: Considerando la pregunta PICO se construyó una estrategia de búsqueda. Sin restricciones en el idioma y publicadas en los últimos 10 años. DISCUSIÓN: Tomando los criterios para un marco de valor de la Health Technology Assessment International (2018)35 para la toma de decisiones y formulación de la recomendación, se describe: La calidad de evidencia es moderada a alta. Se cuenta con una ETS de alta calidad y además con revisiones sistemáticas con meta-análisis. También hay recomendaciones de Guías tanto internacionales como nacionales que emiten una opinión a favor y en contra del uso de los stent entéricos. Las guías internacionales (NCCN y ESMO) son de calidad y de prestigio reconocido. La guía NCCN da una recomendación a favor del uso, pero debe de utilizarse para pacientes con un mal pronóstico de vida pues los stent tienden a perder su eficacia a largo plazo. La guía ESMO da una recomendación a favor de braquiterapia en vez del uso de stent metálico. Las investigaciones han reportado que en pacientes con stent se reanudo prontamente la alimentación oral, se reducido la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y aumentó el tiempo hasta la recurrencia de los síntomas obstructivos. Las revisiones sistemáticas encontradas realizaron adecuada aleatorización, selección de pacientes y seguimiento; no se pudo realizar el cegamiento a los participantes sin embargo creemos que esto no puede afectar los resultados de interés. Los criterios para pacientes que necesitarán stent son: Pacientes con cáncer oncológico que tienen obstrucción maligna por cáncer gástrico estadio IV o esofágico estadio IV con intolerancia oral severa, no tributarios a cirugía, sonda previa de escaso tiempo de duración y alto riesgo de desnutrición. La magnitud del beneficio es moderada, ya que en los ECAs evaluados, el uso de los stents mostró mayores beneficios a corto plazo en pacientes con obstrucciones malignas a nivel esofágicas o gástricas. De ellos, el mejor stent fueron los metálicos autoexpandibles. El impacto económico de esta tecnología para el INEN es incierto, es necesario realizar un análisis de impacto presupuestario para estimar cuantitativamente el gasto sanitario del uso de esta tecnología en nuestra población. Un estudio derivado del ECA SUSTENT36, encontró que los costos iniciales fueron más altos para la gastroyeyunostomía en comparación con la del stent, no encontraron diferencias en los costos de seguimiento, sin embargo, los costos totales por paciente fueron más altos para gastroyeyunostomía en comparación con la del stent. El área usuaria, Gastroenterología médica, señala que el costo de alimentación por sonda gastroyeyunal es mucho mayor que el uso de los stent, y en promedio un 30% se obstruyen y habría que repetir las evaluaciones. Recomendamos que el uso de stent metálicos debe ser reservado solo para pacientes con muy mal pronóstico con obstrucción maligna, en especial a pacientes con cáncer de esófago metastásico localmente irresecable o avanzado. CONCLUSIONES: Alrededor el 62% de personas con cáncer de estómago reciben el diagnóstico cuando el cáncer ya se ha diseminado más allá del lugar donde comenzó. - El cáncer de esófago es la séptima causa más común de muerte por cáncer en los hombres. - En el cáncer de estómago y de esófago, tanto para paliar los síntomas obstructivos como para continuar con la ingesta oral, la colocación de una endoprótesis puede mejorar mucho la calidad de vida del paciente. - Existe evidencia de moderada a alta calidad que demuestra que los stent metálicos son más efectivos en ingesta pronta de alimentos, menor estancia hospitalaria y mejora en la calidad de vida comparado con la sonda nasoyeyunal. - El uso de sonda nasoyeyunal resultó ser más costosa que el stent, en el INEN se estima que el uso de sonda nasoyeyunal aumentaría con el costo de nutrición enteral es mucho mayor que el uso de los stent, y en promedio un 30% se obstruyen. - Los criterios para pacientes que necesitarán stent son: Pacientes con cáncer oncológico que tienen obstrucción maligna por cáncer gástrico estadio IV o esofágico estadio IV con intolerancia oral severa, no tributarios a cirugía, sonda previa de escaso tiempo de duración y alto riesgo de desnutrición. Se estima un requerimiento anual de 150 stent. - Por lo expuesto, la UFETS en consenso con el Comité de ETS, emite opinión favorable para el uso de la tecnología de los stent como opción de tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de esófago y gástrico con disfagia y/o síndrome pilórico por neoplasia maligna, un pronóstico de vida corto y que cumplan con los criterios mencionados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Stents/supply & distribution , Pharmaceutical Raw Material , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Health Evaluation/economics
3.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 70(5): 607-619, 2017 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28750704

ABSTRACT

The introduction of bare-metal stents (BMS) has represented a major advancement over plain old balloon angioplasty in the management of coronary artery disease. However, the high rates of target lesion revascularization associated with use of BMS have led to the development of drug-eluting stents, which require prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy due to the increased risk of late and very late stent thrombosis. The improvements in newer-generation drug-eluting stents have translated into better safety and efficacy compared with earlier generation and BMS, thus allowing shorter dual antiplatelet therapy duration. Here, we aim to provide reasons as to why we still need BMS in our cardiac catheterization laboratory.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Laboratories, Hospital , Stents/supply & distribution , Humans
4.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 86(1): 37-44, ene. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-159133

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar si el uso de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) en cánulas nasales disminuye la necesidad de ventilación mecánica en neonatos hospitalizados con bronquiolitis aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes ambispectivo, realizado en una unidad neonatal IIB, que incluyó neonatos ingresados con bronquiolitis desde la instauración de la técnica de OAF (período-OAF: octubre de 2011-abril de 2015), comparándolo con una cohorte histórica de la temporada previa a su uso (período pre-OAF: enero de 2008-mayo de 2011). Se analizó la proporción de ventilación mecánica antes y después del inicio del tratamiento con OAF y se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y complicaciones de los pacientes tratados con esta técnica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 112 neonatos, 56 del período-OAF y 56 de la temporada pre-OAF. En el período-OAF ningún paciente requirió intubación en comparación con la temporada previa, donde el 3,6% precisó ventilación mecánica invasiva. El uso de OAF se asoció con una disminución significativa de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (30,4% vs 10,7%; p = 0,01), con un RR de 0,353 (IC 95%: 0,150-0,829), RAR de 19,6% (IC 95%: 5,13-34,2) y NNT de 5. En el período-OAF 22 pacientes recibieron terapia de alto flujo y 22,7% de ellos (IC 95%: 7,8-45,4) requirieron ventilación no invasiva. Tras el inicio de OAF se observó una mejoría rápida y progresiva de la frecuencia cardiaca (p = 0,03), frecuencia respiratoria (p = 0,01) y escala clínica (p = 0,00) a partir de 3 h. No se registraron efectos adversos. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de OAF disminuye la necesidad de ventilación no invasiva y es un tratamiento seguro que consigue mejoría clínica de neonatos con bronquiolitis


OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the availability of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was associated with a decrease in need for mechanical ventilation in neonates hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A combined retrospective and prospective (ambispective) cohort study was performed in a type II-B Neonatal Unit, including hospitalised neonates with acute bronchiolitis after the introduction of HFNC (HFNC-period; October 2011-April 2015). They were compared with a historical cohort prior to the availability of this technique (pre-HFNC; January 2008-May 2011). The need for mechanical ventilation between the two study groups was analysed. Clinical parameters and technique-related complications were evaluated in neonates treated with HFNC. RESULTS: A total of 112 neonates were included, 56 after the introduction of HFNC and 56 from the period before the introduction of HFNC. None of patients in the HFNC-period required intubation, compared with 3.6% of the patients in the pre-HFNC group. The availability of HFNC resulted in a significant decrease in the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (30.4% vs 10.7%; P = .01), with a relative risk (RR) of .353 (95% CI; .150-.829), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 19.6% (95% CI; 5.13 - 34.2), yielding a NNT of 5. In the HFNC-period, 22 patients received high flow therapy, and 22.7% (95% CI; 7.8 to 45.4) required non-invasive ventilation. Treatment with HFNC was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (P = .03), respiratory rate (P = .01), and an improvement in the Wood-Downes Férres score (P = .00). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of HFNC reduces the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, allowing a safe and effective medical management of neonates with acute bronchiolitis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Stents/classification , Bronchitis/congenital , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Heart Rate/genetics , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Pneumothorax/complications , Hypothermia/pathology , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Stents/supply & distribution , Bronchitis/pathology , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Heart Rate/physiology , Spain/ethnology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Blood Gas Analysis , Pneumothorax/classification , Hypothermia/prevention & control
6.
Ann Biomed Eng ; 44(2): 497-507, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26438449

ABSTRACT

Stenting treatments for the management of disease in the heart, arterial and venous systems, biliary ducts, urethras, ureters, oesophageal tract and prostate have made enormous technical advances since their introduction into clinical use. The progression from metallic to polymer based bio-absorbable stents, coupled with the advances in additive manufacturing techniques, present a unique opportunity to completely re-envision the design, manufacture, and supply chain of stents. This paper looks at current stenting trends and proposes a future where the stent supply chain is condensed from ~150 days to ~20 min. The Cardiologist therefore has the opportunity to become a designer, manufacturer and user with patients receiving custom stents specific to their unique pathology that will be generated, delivered and deployed in the Cath-lab. The paper will outline this potentially revolutionary development and consider the technical challenges that will need to be overcome in order to achieve these ambitious goals. A high level overview of the generating eluting stents in situ program-GENESIS-is outlined including some early experimental work.


Subject(s)
Absorbable Implants/supply & distribution , Absorbable Implants/trends , Coronary Vessels , Stents/supply & distribution , Stents/trends , Humans
9.
Brasília; CONITEC; nov. 2014.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1444492

ABSTRACT

TECNOLOGIA: Stents são estruturas tubulares metálicas em forma de malha que têm a propriedade de se expandir, de forma ativa ou passiva, moldando a luz de um vaso sanguíneo. No caso da doença isquêmica do coração, estas estruturas podem ser implantadas nas artérias coronárias, em princípio, com objetivo de desobstruir e manter o vaso pérvio, isto é livre de obstrução. É denominada intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Durante esta intervenção um cateter é inserido e guiado pelo vaso até o ponto de obstrução. Um pequeno balão na ponta do cateter é inflado para desobstruir a passagem de sangue. Este é o procedimento de angioplastia do vaso (NEYT et al., 2007). Os stents servem, portanto, como sustentação, evitando o recuo elástico do vaso e a restenose imediata, visto sua força radial. São também usados para impedirem que fragmentos de placas ou trombos se desprendam da parede do vaso e embolizem (ARAÚJO; CAIAFA; WERNECK, 1996). EVIDÊNCIAS: A primeira etapa da busca por evidências consistiu na identificação dos stents biodegradáveis disponíveis, tendo por base informes elaborados para o monitoramento desses dispositivos (HEALTH POLICY ADVISORY COMMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY, 2013; NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH RESEARCH, 2012). Também foi realizada uma busca no sítio da base de dados Clinical Trials® (ClinicalTrials.gov) para identificar os dispositivos que estavam em desenvolvimento. Posteriormente, utilizando-se os nomes dos dispositivos identificados, foi realizada uma busca na base de dados MEDLINE via PubMed (PubMed.gov) para a pesquisa de evidências referentes aos resultados de ensaios clínicos. Nesta busca por evidências foram identificados 45 estudos, para os quais foram utilizados como critérios de exclusão estudos de imagem, estudos com animais, artigos que apresentavam a descrição dos estudos clínicos, porém sem resultados disponíveis. Foram identificados 13 estudos de potencial interesse. ASPECTOS A SEREM CONSIDERADOS SOBRE A TECNOLOGIA: O uso em larga escala dos stents nas ICP trouxe como consequências algumas limitações inerentes à evolução dos dispositivos, o que vem estimulando seu contínuo desenvolvimento, apesar de não existirem análises satisfatórias, quanto à efetividade para todas as terapias de reperfusão miocárdica existentes, no sentido de permitir novas tecnologias para substituí-las. Ainda assim, destaca-se o grande investimento para o aprimoramento de stents bioabsorvíveis (ONUMA; SERRUYS, 2011). As evidências atualmente disponíveis sugerem cautela no uso destes novos dispositivos, visto que alguns aspectos da tecnologia ainda estão sendo avaliados, tais como os materiais utilizados na estrutura e revestimento do stent. A estrutura mais espessa dos stents bioabsorvíveis ainda representa uma potencial limitação quanto à implantação dos dispositivos, além de implicar em potencial aumento de oclusões dos ramos laterais dos vasos sanguíneos, preocupação pela qual foi realizado um estudo específico (ISHIBASHI et al., 2014). Neste sentido, o desafio no desenvolvimento destes dispositivos volta-se para o aperfeiçoamento de estruturas mais finas que possuam as mesmas propriedades mecânicas (IQBAL et al., 2014) e minimizem a ocorrência de eventos indesejados. Paralelamente, as evidências disponíveis também apresentam limitações relativas às características da população estudada. As manifestações clínicas nos participantes incluídos nos estudos, no que tange às características de suas lesões, são mais simples que as observadas no dia a dia das instituições de saúde (LATIB et al., 2013). Lesões complexas e vasos tortuosos ou calcificados foram pouco explorados nos estudos disponíveis. Pacientes acometidos com síndromes coronárias agudas, população que representa a maioria das ICP realizadas, além de pacientes de alto risco, em princípio, os mais beneficiados pela tecnologia, não foram adequadamente avaliados (LATIB et al., 2013). Especificamente em relação à ocorrência de trombose ­ desfecho que representa a principal motivação, pela indústria, para o aprimoramento dos dispositivos, não foram observadas evidências robustas o suficiente. O uso de stents bioabsorvíveis não suprime a necessidade da terapia antiplaquetária, que é utilizada atualmente junto aos stents recobertos por fármacos, o que é uma limitação em função da falta de consenso quanto a duração da terapia antiplaquetária e os efeitos da sua suspensão (IQBAL et al., 2014; ISHIBASHI et al., 2014). Desta forma, ainda não é possível afirmar que as limitações desta nova tecnologia foram solucionadas, visto que ainda não foram abordadas em ensaios clínicos robustos. Diante do contexto apresentado, cabe ressaltar que o desenvolvimento dos stents bioabsorvíveis ainda necessita de respostas. O uso na prática médica e, principalmente, o impacto desta tecnologia para os pacientes elegíveis e as condições clínicas que melhor se beneficiarão com o seu uso, precisam ainda ser amplamente estudados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Stents/supply & distribution , Absorbable Implants , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Brazil , Efficacy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Technological Development and Innovation Projects
10.
Eur J Radiol ; 81(1): e47-52, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21316173

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: OJECTIVES: To eliminate non-value-adding (NVA) waste for the procurement of endovascular stents in interventional radiology services by applying value stream mapping (VSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Lean manufacturing technique was used to analyze the process of material and information flow currently required to direct endovascular stents from external suppliers to patients. Based on a decision point analysis for the procurement of stents in the hospital, a present state VSM was drawn. After assessment of the current status VSM and progressive elimination of unnecessary NVA waste, a future state VSM was drawn. RESULTS: The current state VSM demonstrated that out of 13 processes for the procurement of stents only 2 processes were value-adding. Out of the NVA processes 5 processes were unnecessary NVA activities, which could be eliminated. The decision point analysis demonstrated that the procurement of stents was mainly a forecast driven push system. The future state VSM applies a pull inventory control system to trigger the movement of a unit after withdrawal by using a consignment stock. CONCLUSION: VSM is a visualization tool for the supply chain and value stream, based on the Toyota Production System and greatly assists in successfully implementing a Lean system.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Blood Vessel Prosthesis/supply & distribution , Blood Vessel Prosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Inventories, Hospital/methods , Stents/supply & distribution , Stents/statistics & numerical data , Operations Research
14.
Eur Heart J ; 27(7): 882-5, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16476691

ABSTRACT

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) organized a one-day workshop with clinicians, health economic experts, and health technology appraisal experts to discuss the equity of patient access to novel medical technologies in Europe. Two index technologies were considered: implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and drug-eluting stents (DES). The use of ICDs range from 35 implants/million population in Portugal to 166 implants/million population in Germany, whereas for implants of DES (as percentage of total stents) it is lowest in Germany at 14% and high in Portugal at 65%. These differences can in part be explained by a lack of structured implementation of guidelines, the direct cost in relation to the overall healthcare budget, and to differences in procedures and models applied by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies in Europe. The workshop participants concluded that physicians need to be involved in a more structured way in HTA and need to become better acquainted with its methods and terminology. Clinical guidelines should be systematically translated, explained, disseminated, updated, and adopted by cardiologists in Europe. Clinically appropriate, consistent and transparent health economic models need to be developed and high-quality international outcome and cost data should be used. A process for funding of a technology should be developed after a positive recommendation from HTA agencies. Both the ESC and the national cardiac societies should build-up health economic expertise and engage more actively in discussions with stakeholders involved in the provision of healthcare.


Subject(s)
Defibrillators, Implantable/supply & distribution , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Medical Laboratory Science/standards , Stents/supply & distribution , Europe , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Technology Assessment, Biomedical
15.
Neurosurgery ; 57(3): 449-59; discussion 449-59, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16145523

ABSTRACT

Endovascular techniques for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms are rapidly evolving. Modifications of more traditional coils have been introduced. Such modifications include newer coils coated with various polymers to increase both coil thrombogenicity and degree of aneurysm packing. In addition, newer coil designs aimed at improving the conformability of the coil to the aneurysm have been used with promising preliminary results. The availability of a newer generation of stents specifically designed for intracranial navigation allows for more effective treatment of aneurysms with wide necks, which usually have been considered unsuitable for optimal endovascular treatment. Endovascular alternatives to coil embolization, such as liquid embolic materials, also have been explored for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, with varying results. We summarize the rationale for use of these newer devices and early clinical experiences. Areas of current research and future directions of endovascular aneurysm treatment also are discussed.


Subject(s)
Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Intracranial Aneurysm/therapy , Stents/supply & distribution , Equipment Design , Feasibility Studies , Humans , Platinum/therapeutic use , Polymers/therapeutic use , Prostheses and Implants , Treatment Outcome
20.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg ; 18(5): 505-12, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11053808

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: A variety of stents are available to aid in the management of complex tracheal, carinal and bronchial stenoses. We reviewed our multi-institutional experience with airway stents in children. METHODS: Thirty-three children (age, 13 days-18 years) from four institutions have had a total of 40 stents placed to aid in the management of complex airway stenoses. Three stent types were utilized: 29 silastic stents, five expandable metal stents and six customized carinal stents (four patients had two stents and one patient had four stents). Thirty children had tracheal stents, six children had bronchial stents, and two infants had carinal stents (three children had stenting of more than one area and two had stenting of all three locations). Twenty-eight patients (age, 5 months-18 years; mean, 8.06 years; SEM, 1.13 years) had stents placed after a variety of airway reconstructive procedures. Four underwent stenting in a non-operative setting and one as preoperative stabilization. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients survived. One patient died early due to bleeding. Five patients died late: two due to bleeding, one from mediastinitis, and two patients with functional airways died late from unrelated problems. Complications are related to stent type and location. Carinal stents can migrate; several techniques are available to help manage this problem. Wire stents are essentially non-removable requiring periodic dilation. Silastic stents stimulate granulation tissue formation requiring periodic bronchoscopic removal. CONCLUSION: Tracheal stenting can aid in the management of pediatric airway problems. Complications are common, but can be managed with appropriate intervention.


Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Bronchial Diseases/complications , Stents , Tracheal Stenosis/complications , Adolescent , Airway Obstruction/mortality , Cause of Death , Child , Child, Preschool , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Constriction, Pathologic/complications , Dimethylpolysiloxanes , Equipment Design , Follow-Up Studies , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Silicones , Stents/adverse effects , Stents/classification , Stents/supply & distribution , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
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